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• 09:41, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Organisation of the circulatory system.png
• 09:41, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Organisation of the circulatory system.png
• 09:39, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 32. The heart-lung preparation (Starling’s laws) (Created page with "== Heart-lung preparation == Starling made the so-called heart-lung preparation, where the heart and lungs are disconnected from the systemic circulation and the systemic circulation is replaced with artificial tubes. The heart will pump blood through these tubes and back into the right atrium. The lungs are ventilated artificially. The resistance of the artificial tube system could be altered, which simulates changes in the peripheral vascular resistance in vivo. The h...") Tag: Visual edit
• 09:39, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 31. Ventricular wall tension and the Laplace relationship (Created page with "As explained in the previous topic, the tension in the ventricular wall is directly related to the ventricle’s oxygen requirement. When the wall tension increases, the oxygen requirement increases too. === LaPlace’s law === thumb|LaPlace's law LaPlace’s law describes the relationship of pressure, radius of the lumen, the thickness of the wall and the wall tension in hollow organs like the ventricles and blood vessels. LaPlace’s law is...") Tag: Visual edit
• 09:38, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:LaPlace's law.jpg
• 09:38, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:LaPlace's law.jpg
• 09:34, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 30. Metabolism and energetics of cardiac muscle (Created page with "== Myocardial metabolism == The heart requires a lot of energy, not just to contract but also to maintain ion gradients. The myocardium performs only ''aerobic'' (oxygen-dependent) metabolism and not ''anaerobic'' (oxygen-independent) metabolism. This means that the myocardium requires large amounts of oxygen. The oxygen is supplied by the coronary circulation. When the myocardium works harder it requires more energy and therefore more blood, so the coronary circulation...") Tag: Visual edit
• 09:33, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 29. Cardiac output. Measurement, normal standards and physiological variations (Created page with "== Important terms == The cardiac output (CO) is the amount of blood the heart pumps out every minute. It’s normally 5 litres per minute. The end-systolic volume (ESV) is the amount of blood which is left inside the left ventricle after systole. The end-diastolic volume (EDV) is the amount of blood which is left inside the left ventricle after diastole, right before systole begins. The stroke volume (SV) is the amount of blood the heart ejects with each cardiac cycl...") Tag: Visual edit
• 09:33, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Fick principle.png
• 09:33, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Fick principle.png
• 09:32, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Formula for MAP.png
• 09:32, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Formula for MAP.png
• 09:31, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 28. The heart sounds. Phonocardiography (PCG) (Created page with "The heart makes sounds when it beats. More specifically, what we consider “heart sounds” are actually the sound of turbulent blood flow which occurs as the valves close. These sounds are very silent but can be heard with a stethoscope, which amplifies the sounds. This is called ''auscultation'' and is an important part of physical examination of the patient. The heart makes two sounds in healthy people. These are called the first and second heart sounds, or S1 and S...") Tag: Visual edit
• 09:27, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Normal ECG 2.png
• 09:27, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Normal ECG 2.png
• 09:24, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 27. The human electrocardiogram (ECG). Electrocardiography. Bipolar and unipolar leads (Created page with "The human electrocardiogram, often called ECG, measures the electrical activity of the heart over time using electrodes placed on specific parts of the body. This is possible because a small part of the electrical impulse produced by the heart spreads into all parts of the body, including the skin. The cardiac impulse travels from the right atrium along the septum toward the apex of the heart, in a downward diagonal direction. == Characteristics of a normal ECG == A no...") Tag: Visual edit
• 09:22, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Precordial leads.png
• 09:22, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Precordial leads.png
• 09:21, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Hexaxial reference system.png
• 09:21, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Hexaxial reference system.png
• 09:21, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Limb leads.png
• 09:21, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Limb leads.png
• 08:09, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Normal ECG.png
• 08:09, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Normal ECG.png
• 08:08, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:QTc.png
• 08:08, 5 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:QTc.png
• 15:25, 3 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page 26. The sequence of events in the cardiac cycle (Created page with "== The structure of the heart == The heart consists of four chambers, two atria and two ventricles. We can divide the heart into two units, one left unit and one right unit, each unit consisting of one atrium and one ventricle. Venous blood from the body enters the right atrium through the superior and inferior vena cavae. Blood is pumped from the right atrium into the right ventricle through the tricuspid valve. Blood is then pumped from the right ventricle through the...") Tag: Visual edit
• 15:24, 3 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Wiggers diagram.png
• 15:24, 3 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Wiggers diagram.png
• 14:29, 3 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Category:Cardiology (Created page with "Category:Pages by subject") Tag: Visual edit
• 14:29, 3 January 2023 Nikolas talk contribs created page Category:Pages by POTE course (Created blank page) Tag: Visual edit
• 20:34, 13 December 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page 25. Generators and conductors of impulses in the heart. Refractory periods (Created page with "The heart has a special system that allows it to be excited rhythmically and repetitively. There are two components to this system: # Pacemaker generators that generate regular and rhythmical electrical impulses which initiate rhythmical contraction of the heart muscle # A conduction system which conducts these impulses rapidly throughout the heart in a coordinated fashion When this system functions normally the atria contract one sixth of a second before the ventricle...") Tag: Visual edit
• 20:31, 13 December 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Refractory periods of ventricular muscle.png
• 20:31, 13 December 2022 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Refractory periods of ventricular muscle.png
• 20:30, 13 December 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:The all-or-none law.png
• 20:30, 13 December 2022 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:The all-or-none law.png
• 20:29, 13 December 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Ventricular muscle action potential.png
• 20:29, 13 December 2022 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Ventricular muscle action potential.png
• 20:28, 13 December 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Heart conduction cycle gif.gif
• 20:28, 13 December 2022 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Heart conduction cycle gif.gif
• 20:23, 13 December 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Cardiac conduction system only.png
• 20:23, 13 December 2022 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Cardiac conduction system only.png
• 20:21, 13 December 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:Cardiac conduction system.png
• 20:21, 13 December 2022 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:Cardiac conduction system.png
• 20:20, 13 December 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:SA node action potential.jpg
• 20:20, 13 December 2022 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:SA node action potential.jpg
• 20:14, 13 December 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page 22. A-B-0 blood groups. The Rh blood types (Created page with "== Cell antigens == All cells have many proteins on the outside of their cell membranes. We say that the cells ''express'' these proteins. Different cells express different proteins, which allows them to interact with other cells and the environment differently. All proteins are also ''antigens''. An antigen is a molecule which the immune system can recognize. When a person is infected with a bacterium for example, the immune cells will recognize the antigens (proteins)...") Tag: Visual edit
• 20:05, 13 December 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page 21. Regulation of H+ ion concentration in the blood (Created page with "''[H+] means the concentration of H+ ions. The brackets mean “concentration”.'' == pH == The pH of a solution depends on the solution’s concentration of hydrogen ions (H+). The higher the concentration of H+ ions, the lower the pH and vice versa. The pH of a solution is determined by the following formula: pH = -log(concentration of H+) or pH = -log([H+]). If we know the pH we can calculate the H+ concentration by this formula: [H+] = 10-pH pH is a logarithmic...") Tag: Visual edit
• 20:03, 13 December 2022 Nikolas talk contribs created page File:PH formula.png
• 20:03, 13 December 2022 Nikolas talk contribs uploaded File:PH formula.png