Cardiac tamponade: Difference between revisions

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(Created page with "'''Cardiac tamponade''' is a condition where a pericardial effusion compresses the heart, leading to life-threatening acute heart failure. This occurs if the pericardial effusion develops rapidly or is large. It’s an emergency which should be treated empirically even before a proper diagnosis is made. == Etiology == * Acute pericarditis * Cardiac wall rupture (trauma, MI) * Cardiac surgery == Clinical features == Cardiac t...")
 
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'''Cardiac tamponade''' is a condition where a [[pericardial effusion]] compresses the heart, leading to life-threatening [[acute heart failure]]. This occurs if the pericardial effusion develops rapidly or is large. It’s an emergency which should be treated empirically even before a proper diagnosis is made.
#REDIRECT [[Pericardial effusion]]
 
== Etiology ==
 
* Acute [[pericarditis]]
* Cardiac wall rupture (trauma, [[Acute myocardial infarction|MI]])
* Cardiac surgery
 
== Clinical features ==
Cardiac tamponade has a distinct clinical presentation:
 
* [[Hypotension]]
* Tachycardia
* Jugular venous congestion
* <abbr>[[Pulsus paradoxus]]</abbr>
 
== Diagnosis and evaluation ==
 
* [[Electrocardiography|ECG]] – low voltage, electrical alternans
* [[Chest x-ray|X-ray]] – enlarged cardiac silhouette
* [[Echocardiography]] – large effusion, collapse of chambers, swinging of the heart
 
== Treatment ==
Treatment should not be delayed due to diagnostic evaluations. Treatment is by pericardiocentesis, under [[ultrasound]] or [[Fluoroscopy|fluoroscopic]] guidance. If unsuccessful, surgery may be necessary.
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Cardiology]]
[[Category:Internal Medicine (POTE course)]]

Latest revision as of 11:13, 4 December 2023

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