View source for Fungal diseases of the skin and its appendages

<section begin="dermatology" />* Diagnosis of fungal infections
** KOH preparation -> hyphae/yeasts visible under microscope
*** KOH dissolves keratin
** Culture
** Wood-light – green fluorescence UV lamp
* Treatment of fungal infections
** Terbinafine – for dermatophytoses
** Fluconasol – for candida
** Itraconazole – for candida, dermatophytoses
** Ketoconazole – for Malassezia (pityrasis versicolor)
* Epidermomycoses
** By dermatophytes
** Risk factors
*** Children
*** Immunocompromised
*** Diabetes
** Clinical features
*** Pruritus
*** Scaling
*** Erythema
** Treatment
*** Topical antifungals
**** Terbinafine
**** Azoles
*** Oral antifungals
**** For immunocompromised persons
**** Terbinafine
**** Itraconazole
** Tinea facialis – face
** Tinea corporis – body
** Tinea cruris – inguinal area
** Tinea manuum – hands
*** Usually affects two feet and one hand (syndrome)
*** Because the person scratches the feet with the dominant hand
** Tinea pedis – feet
* Onychomycoses
** Discoloured and brittle nails
** Candida
** Tinea unguium
** Treatment
*** Terbinafine
*** Itraconazole
* Trichomycosis
** Tinea capitis – scalp
*** Dandruff
*** Smooth areas of hair loss
** Kerion – very inflamed abscess-like mass
** Favus – yellow crust
* Candida
** Albicans most common
** Risk factors
*** Immunosuppression
*** Diabetes
*** Antibiotic therapy
** Skin infections
*** Oral candidiasis
*** Angular cheilitis
*** Vulvovaginal candidiasis
*** Balanitis
*** Intertrigo – infection of the skin folds
*** Interdigital candidiasis
*** Diaper rash
*** Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
**** Congenital impaired T-cell function
** Clinical features
*** Pruritic erythematous plaque
*** White layer – on mucous membranes, genital organs
** Systemic
*** Candida sepsis
**** Fever that doesn’t improve with antibiotics
*** Invasive candidiasis
* Pityriasis versicolor
** Risk factors
*** Hot, humid environment
*** Excessive sweat
** Clinical features
*** Hypomelanotic macules
** Treatment
*** Topical ketoconazole cream
*** Ketoconazole shampoo
* Cryptococcosis
** Immunocompromised patients
** Cutaneous cryptococcosis
*** Molluscum contagiosum-like papules
** Can also cause pneumonia and meningitis
** Cryptococcal meningitis
** Treatment
*** Fluconazole
*** Amphotericin
*** Flucytosine
* Aspergillosis
** Immunocompromised patients
** Necrotizing nodules
** Abscess<section end="dermatology" />

[[Category:Dermatology]]