View source for 42. Nuclear medicine methods in childhood (kidney, bone, 123I-MIBG scintigraphy).

* Radiation in children
** Important to weigh risk against benefits when exposing children to radiation
** Appropriate radiation doses for children are calculated by body weight
** Sufficient hydration improves image quality and decreases radioactivity affecting the patient
* Important nuclear medicine methods in children
** Renal imaging
*** Renal scintigraphy
**** Static method
**** '''99mTc-DMSA'''
**** Measures corticol loss
**** Indications
***** Congenital renal diseases
***** Pyelonephritis
***** Obstructive renal disease
*** Camera-renography
**** Dynamic method
**** Images before and after furosemide
***** If furosemide improves excretion the obstruction is anatomical
***** If it doesn’t then it’s a functional problem of the kidney
**** '''99mTc-DTPA – for glomerular secretion'''
**** '''99mTc-MAG3 – for tubular secretion'''
**** Creates a time-activity curve = renogram with 3 phases
***** '''Phase I – perfusion'''
***** '''Phase II – filtration or secretion function'''
***** '''Phase III – excretion function'''
**** Indications
***** Obstructive renal disease
***** Reflux disease
** Bone scintigraphy
*** '''99mTc-MDP (diphosphate)'''
*** Can be difficult to evaluate due to high activity of the epiphyses
*** Indications
**** Inflammations
**** Bone tumors
**** Osteonecrosis
**** Fractures
** '''I123-MIBG scintigraphy'''
*** '''I123-MIBG binds to adrenergic receptors in neuroendocrine tumors'''
*** Indications
**** Neuroblastoma
**** Phaeochromocytoma
*** Thyroid must be protected from radiation
**** Iodine is given before examination

[[Category:Clinical Radiology (POTE course)]]