View source for 41. Radioisotope diagnostics of thyroid diseases and parathyroid diseases.

* Thyroid
** Modalities
*** Thyroid scintigraphy (thyroid scan)
*** SPECT/CT
*** 18F-FDG PET
**** For thyroid carcinoma metastases which don’t take up iodine or 99mTc-pertechnetate
** Thyroid scintigraphy
*** Radiopharmaceuticals used
**** '''99mTc-pertechnetate'''
***** '''Most common'''
**** '''Iodine-123'''
**** '''Iodine-131'''
** '''Findings'''
*** '''Hot nodule (increased isotope uptake compared to surrounding thyroid)'''
**** '''Multiple -> toxic goitre'''
**** '''Single'''
***** '''Thyroid carcinoma'''
***** '''Autonomous adenoma'''
*** '''Cold nodule (decreased isotope uptake compared to surrounding thyroid)'''
**** Adenoma
**** Colloid goitre
**** Cyst
*** '''Diffuse increased uptake -> Hyperthyroidism'''
*** '''Diffuse decreased uptake -> Hypothyroidism'''
* Parathyroid scintigraphy
** Used to localize hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue in case of hyperthyroidism
** There are no specific radiotracers for parathyroid tissue, so special modalies must be used
** Modalities
*** Double-tracer parathyroid scintigraphy
**** '''2 tracers (99mTc-MIBI and 99mTc-pertechnetate)'''
**** Digital subtraction is used to visualize the hyperfuncitoning parathyroid tissue
*** Dual-phase parathyroid scintigraphy
**** '''1 tracer (99mTc-MIBI)'''
**** 2 phases
***** First – 10 minutes after injection
***** Second – 2 hours after injection
*** SPECT/CT

[[Category:Clinical Radiology (POTE course)]]