View source for 33. Demographic indicators: measures describing population groups. Population pyramids

* Dependency ratio is the ratio of the population who are economically inactive to those who are economically active:
** Dependency ratio = population < 15 and > 65 / population between 15 and 65
* Population size – the number of individuals in the population
* Population density – the number of individuals in the population per unit of area
* Age structure – the age structure of a population is shown by the population pyramid
** Most developed countries have contracting population pyramids
** Most developing countries have expanding or stationary population pyramids
* Population pyramids
** Population pyramids are formed according to age and gender
** They change shape according to the epidemiological stage
* Major demographic characteristics of developing countries
** High fertility
** High infant mortality
** High prevalence of HIV/AIDS
** High level of out-migration
* Major demographic characteristics of developed countries
** Low levels of fertility – often lower than the replacement level of 2.1
** Women have babies at later ages
** High level of in-migration
* Trends in age groups
** In Europe, people < 15 are decreasing, 15 – 60 are decreasing, > 60 are increasing rapidly
** In Asia, people < 15 are stable, 15 – 60 are increasing rapidly, > 60 are increasing
** In Africa, all age groups are increasing rapidly. 15 – 60 are increasing the fastest
* The stages of epidemiologic transition
** Describe the change from when our demographics were determined by epidemics and famines to now, where out demographics are mostly determined by non-communicable diseases, like cancer and cardiovascular disease
** Pestilence and famine
*** High mortality rate, wide swings in mortality rate due to pestilence and famine, little population growth, low life expectancy
** Receding pandemics
*** Epidemics and infectious diseases become less frequent, non-communicable diseases begin to appear
** Degenerative and man-made diseases
*** Mortality due to non-communicable and man-made diseases becomes higher than mortality due to infectious diseases and famine

[[File:Population pyramids.png|center|thumb|Population pyramids in various stages]]
[[Category:Public health 2 - General epidemiology and demography]]