View source for 16. Epidemiology and prevention of prostate and cervix cancer



Prostate

* Epidemiology
** Most common cancer in men
** Third most common cause of cancer death in men
** Incidence increased recently
** A disease of elderly
* Etiology
** Old age
** Ethnicity
*** Black > white
** Family history
** Androgen exposure
** Diet
*** Omega-6 intake
** Obesity
** Smoking
** STD
* Prognosis
** Mortality stable
** 5-year survival: 80%
* Prevention
** Prevent obesity
** Increase omega-3, reduce omega-6
** Don’t smoke
** Screening
*** For high-risk people
**** BRCA
**** Black
**** History of prostate cc
*** PSA
*** DRE

Cervix

* Epidemiology
** 4th most common cancer in females
** 6th most common cause of cancer death in females
** In 35 – 50 years old
** Deaths mainly occur in countries without access to screening and vaccines
* Etiology
** HPV 95% of cancers
** Increased number of pregnancies
** Early start of sexual life
** Higher number of sexual partners
** Smoking
** Obesity
* Prognosis
** Screening decreased mortality
** 5-year survival: 20%
* Prevention
** Safe sex
** No smoking
** Prevent obesity
** Vaccination against HPV
** Screening
*** 21 – 30
**** Pap smear every 3 years
*** 30 – 65
**** Pap smear every 5 years
**** HPV test every 5 years
*** Over 65
**** Not tested
*** Vaccinated women should also be screened
*** High risk screened more often

[[Category:Public health 5 - Detailed epidemiology]]