Spondylolisthesis

• Spondylolisthesis refers to anterior slipping of a vertebra compared to the one below it
• Etiology
  • Spondylolysis
  • Fracture
  • Congenital malformation
  • Tumour
• Clinical features
  • Many cases are asymptomatic
  • Low back pain
  • Palpable “step off” at the area of slippage
  • Pain may radiate
• Severe (grave V) spondylolisthesis is called spondyloptosis
  • The vertebra has slipped so far with respect to the vertebra below that the two endplates are no longer congruent