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Diabetes mellitus: Difference between revisions
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<section begin="clinical biochemistry" />'''Diabetes mellitus''' (DM) is a group of disorders characterised by chronic [[hyperglycaemia]] due to abnormal carbohydrate metabolism. There are many types, but the most common types are [[type 1 diabetes mellitus]] and [[type 2 diabetes mellitus]]. DM is a very common disease, and the most common form, type 2, is associated with inactivity and obesity, which are increasing globally. Chronic hyperglycaemia causes severe long-term and short-term complications which may be lethal or cause significant morbidity. | <section begin="dermatology" /><section begin="clinical biochemistry" />'''Diabetes mellitus''' (DM) is a group of disorders characterised by chronic [[hyperglycaemia]] due to abnormal carbohydrate metabolism. There are many types, but the most common types are [[type 1 diabetes mellitus]] and [[type 2 diabetes mellitus]]. DM is a very common disease, and the most common form, type 2, is associated with inactivity and obesity, which are increasing globally. Chronic hyperglycaemia causes severe long-term and short-term complications which may be lethal or cause significant morbidity.<section end="dermatology" /> | ||
There exists state of "prediabetes" where the carbohydrate metabolism is abnormal but not (yet) to such an extent that diabetes mellitus has manifested.<section end="clinical biochemistry" /> | There exists state of "prediabetes" where the carbohydrate metabolism is abnormal but not (yet) to such an extent that diabetes mellitus has manifested.<section end="clinical biochemistry" /> | ||
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Patients with type 2 diabetes also have increased risk for some cancers, especially liver and pancreas. Diabetes causes delayed wound healing, which might be evidenced after an operation | Patients with type 2 diabetes also have increased risk for some cancers, especially liver and pancreas. Diabetes causes delayed wound healing, which might be evidenced after an operation | ||
<section begin="dermatology" /> | |||
== Cutaneous manifestations == | |||
* 30% of all diabetes patients will experience skin symptoms | |||
* Non-specific skin conditions | |||
** Impetigo | |||
** Candida intertrigo | |||
** Psoriasis | |||
** Necrotizing fasciitis | |||
** Acanthosis nigricans | |||
* Specific skin conditions | |||
** Diabetic dermopathy | |||
*** Reddish, oval/round scaly patches | |||
*** Often on the shins | |||
** Diabetic bullae | |||
*** Painless bullae | |||
*** Can be very large | |||
*** Intraepidermal bullae | |||
**** More common | |||
**** Filled with clear fluid | |||
**** Heal without scarring or atrophy | |||
*** Subepidermal bullae | |||
**** Less common | |||
**** Filled with blood | |||
**** Heal with scarring and atrophy | |||
** Diabetic sclerosis | |||
*** In diabetes type 1 | |||
*** Sclerosis of finger skin -> restricted mobility | |||
** Foot ulcers (diabetic foot) | |||
** Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum | |||
*** Erythematous patches on lower legs | |||
*** May ulcerate and become infected<section end="dermatology" /> | |||
<section begin="clinical biochemistry" /> | <section begin="clinical biochemistry" /> | ||
== Follow-up == | == Follow-up == | ||