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38. Anaplastic carcinoma (brain metastasis): Difference between revisions

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38. Anaplastic carcinoma (brain metastasis) (view source)

Revision as of 13:22, 5 July 2024

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(Created page with "'''Staining''': HE '''Organ''': Brain '''Description''': We can see four sections. Two of them are necrotic debris where no cell structure is seen, only a soup of necrotic cells with few visible nuclei. One of the sections shows normal brain parenchyme, where we can see neurons, glial cells, the arachnoid mater and pia mater. The last section is the one of most interest. Here we can see cells with no organization, but they show significant pleomorphism (anisocytosis...")
 
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'''Staining''': HE
[[File:Anaplastic brain carcinoma overview.png|thumb|Overview of the slide]]'''Staining''': HE


'''Organ''': Brain
'''Organ''': Brain
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'''Description''':
'''Description''':


We can see four sections. Two of them are necrotic debris where no cell structure is seen, only a soup of necrotic cells with few visible nuclei.
We can see four sections. Two of them are necrotic debris where no cell structure is seen, only a soup of necrotic cells with few visible nuclei. One of the sections shows normal brain parenchyme, where we can see neurons, glial cells, the arachnoid mater and pia mater.
 
One of the sections shows normal brain parenchyme, where we can see neurons, glial cells, the arachnoid mater and pia mater.


The last section is the one of most interest. Here we can see cells with no organization, but they show significant pleomorphism (anisocytosis, anisonucleosis, anisochromasia), we can see mitotic figures and giant cells.
The last section is the one of most interest. Here we can see cells with no organization, but they show significant pleomorphism (anisocytosis, anisonucleosis, anisochromasia), we can see mitotic figures and giant cells.
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'''Diagnosis''': Anaplastic brain carcinoma
'''Diagnosis''': Anaplastic brain carcinoma


'''Causes''':
'''Causes''': Unknown
 
* Unknown
 
'''Theory''':


The tumor in this case is a carcinoma, meaning that it is a malignant tumor of epithelial cells. However, these cells bear no characteristics of normal epithelial cells (they don’t produce keratin), which means that they are ''non-differentiated''. A non-differentiated malignant tumor is called an ''anaplasia'' or ''anaplastic tumor''.
'''Theory''':[[File:Anaplastic brain carcinoma necrotic debris.png|thumb|Necrotic debris. It’s mostly an eosinophilic soup of cell debris with very few nuclei.]]The tumor in this case is a carcinoma, meaning that it is a malignant tumor of epithelial cells. However, these cells bear no characteristics of normal epithelial cells (they don’t produce keratin), which means that they are ''non-differentiated''. A non-differentiated malignant tumor is called an ''anaplasia'' or ''anaplastic tumor''.


Comparing the cancer cells in this slide to the cancer cells in slide 36, you can see that the cancer cells here show more pleomorphism, which also shows that these cancer cells are non-differentiated.
Comparing the cancer cells in this slide to the cancer cells in slide 36, you can see that the cancer cells here show more pleomorphism, which also shows that these cancer cells are non-differentiated.


The large necrotic segments are necrotic parts of the tumor.
The large necrotic segments are necrotic parts of the tumor.
[[File:Anaplastic brain carcinoma overview.png|center|thumb|Overview of the slide]]
[[File:Anaplastic brain carcinoma normal tissue.png|thumb|Normal, healthy brain parenchyme.|left]]
[[File:Anaplastic brain carcinoma necrotic debris.png|center|thumb|Necrotic debris. It’s mostly an eosinophilic soup of cell debris with very few nuclei.]]
[[File:Anaplastic brain carcinoma pleiomorphism.png|thumb|From the tumor. Note the variety of staining of the nuclei (anisochromasia), and the varying sizes of both cells (anisocytosis) and the nuclei (anisonucleosis).]]
[[File:Anaplastic brain carcinoma normal tissue.png|center|thumb|Normal, healthy brain parenchyme.]]
[[File:Anaplastic brain carcinoma giant cell.png|thumb|Giant cell|left]]
[[File:Anaplastic brain carcinoma pleiomorphism.png|center|thumb|From the tumor. Note the variety of staining of the nuclei (anisochromasia), and the varying sizes of both cells (anisocytosis) and the nuclei (anisonucleosis).]]
[[File:Anaplastic brain carcinoma giant cell.png|center|thumb|Giant cell]]
[[Category:Pathology 1 - Histopathology slides]]
[[Category:Pathology 1 - Histopathology slides]]