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17. Glandular cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium: Difference between revisions

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17. Glandular cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium (view source)

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(Created page with "'''Staining''': HE '''Organ''': Uterine tissue acquired by curettage '''Description''': The uterine tissue morphology is mostly lost during the curettage. We can only see fragments of the endometrium. Normal uterine glands can be seen, however some of them have a (sometimes extremely) enlarged lumen. Normal uterine stroma can be seen. The total number of glands are increased compared to physiological. '''Diagnosis''': Endometrial hyperplasia, simple type without aty...")
 
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'''Staining''': HE
[[File:Glandular cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium - overview.jpg|thumb|Overview of the slide]]'''Staining''': HE


'''Organ''': Uterine tissue acquired by curettage
'''Organ''': Uterine tissue acquired by curettage


'''Description''':
'''Description''': The uterine tissue morphology is mostly lost during the curettage. We can only see fragments of the endometrium. Normal uterine glands can be seen, however some of them have a (sometimes extremely) enlarged lumen. Normal uterine stroma can be seen. The total number of glands are increased compared to physiological.
 
The uterine tissue morphology is mostly lost during the curettage. We can only see fragments of the endometrium.
 
Normal uterine glands can be seen, however some of them have a (sometimes extremely) enlarged lumen. Normal uterine stroma can be seen. The total number of glands are increased compared to physiological.


'''Diagnosis''': Endometrial hyperplasia, simple type without atypia
'''Diagnosis''': Endometrial hyperplasia, simple type without atypia
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'''Theory''':
'''Theory''':


Anovulatory cycles are “menstrual” cycles that occur without ovulation, however there can still be bleeding. It can occur now and then in pubertal and menopausal women.
Anovulatory cycles are “menstrual” cycles that occur without ovulation, however there can still be bleeding. It can occur now and then in pubertal and menopausal women.[[File:Glandular cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium - cystic dilation.jpg|thumb|Cystic dilation and stroma.]]Thinking back to the menstrual cycle, we know that the proliferative phase is stimulated by oestrogen while the secretory phase is stimulated by progesterone. If, for some reason, the proliferative phase is prolonged will the endometrium be exposed to oestrogen for a longer time, allowing it to hyperplasia more than normal.
 
Thinking back to the menstrual cycle, we know that the proliferative phase is stimulated by oestrogen while the secretory phase is stimulated by progesterone. If, for some reason, the proliferative phase is prolonged will the endometrium be exposed to oestrogen for a longer time, allowing it to hyperplasia more than normal.


After menopause the low level of oestrogen in the blood causes the patients to experience a variety of symptoms, like increased risk for osteoporosis. This can be treated with postmenopausal hormone therapy however this increases the risk for endometrial hyperplasia.
After menopause the low level of oestrogen in the blood causes the patients to experience a variety of symptoms, like increased risk for osteoporosis. This can be treated with postmenopausal hormone therapy however this increases the risk for endometrial hyperplasia.


Four subtypes of endometrial hyperplasia exist. They can all lead to cancer, but different types have different risks. They are, in order from lowest to highest risk for developing cancer:
Four subtypes of endometrial hyperplasia exist. They can all lead to cancer, but different types have different risks. They are, in order from lowest to highest risk for developing cancer:[[File:Glandular cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium - gland hyperplasia.jpg|thumb|Here you can see the increased number of glands.]]
 
* Simple hyperplasia without atypia 1%
* Simple hyperplasia without atypia 1%
* Simple hyperplasia with atypia (~5%)
* Simple hyperplasia with atypia (~5%)
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Curettage is a method of scraping tissues using an instrument called a curette.
Curettage is a method of scraping tissues using an instrument called a curette.
[[File:Glandular cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium - overview.jpg|center|thumb|Overview of the slide]]
[[File:Glandular cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium - cystic dilation.jpg|center|thumb|Cystic dilation and stroma.]]
[[File:Glandular cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium - gland hyperplasia.jpg|center|thumb|Here you can see the increased number of glands.]]
[[Category:Pathology 1 - Histopathology slides]]
[[Category:Pathology 1 - Histopathology slides]]