Chronic kidney disease: Difference between revisions

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<section begin="radiology" />'''Chronic kidney disease''' (CKD), previously called '''chronic renal failure''' is defined as the presence of either kidney damage or decreased kidney function for more than 3 months. Decreased kidney function is measured by decreased <abbr>[[Glomerular filtration rate|GFR]]</abbr>. <section end="radiology" />In practice, the presence of any of the following criteria for more than 3 months establishes CKD:
<section begin="clinical biochemistry" /><section begin="radiology" />'''Chronic kidney disease''' (CKD), previously called '''chronic renal failure''' is defined as the presence of either kidney damage or decreased kidney function for more than 3 months. Decreased kidney function is measured by decreased <abbr>[[Glomerular filtration rate|GFR]]</abbr>. <section end="radiology" /><section end="clinical biochemistry" />In practice, the presence of any of the following criteria for more than 3 months establishes CKD:


* Abnormal GFR
* Abnormal GFR
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* Old age
* Old age
* Low socioeconomic status
* Low socioeconomic status
 
<section begin="clinical biochemistry" />
== Classification ==
== Classification ==
CKD is classified according to the GFR and the degree of [[albuminuria]]:
CKD is classified according to the GFR and the degree of [[albuminuria]]:
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As such, a person with GFR of 43 and AER of 100 is stage G3bA2. A person with a GFR of 100, AER of 5, and polycystic kidney disease has stage G1A1 CKD.
As such, a person with GFR of 43 and AER of 100 is stage G3bA2. A person with a GFR of 100, AER of 5, and polycystic kidney disease has stage G1A1 CKD.
 
<section end="clinical biochemistry" />
== Clinical features ==
== Clinical features ==
Chronic kidney disease is asymptomatic until the late stages, when the patient may develop oedema due to hypervolaemia.
Chronic kidney disease is asymptomatic until the late stages, when the patient may develop oedema due to hypervolaemia.
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[[Renal scintigraphy]] may be used to precisely determine the kidney function of each kidney.
[[Renal scintigraphy]] may be used to precisely determine the kidney function of each kidney.
<section end="radiology" />
<section end="radiology" /><section begin="clinical biochemistry" />
The following laboratory alterations may be present:
The following laboratory alterations may be present:


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* [[Haematuria]]
* [[Haematuria]]


Hyperkalaemia can be a problem in CKD, because of the decreased renal elimination of potassium and because of the RAAS inhibitors’ tendency to cause it. Treatment may be necessary.
Hyperkalaemia can be a problem in CKD, because of the decreased renal elimination of potassium and because of the RAAS inhibitors’ tendency to cause it. Treatment may be necessary.<section end="clinical biochemistry" />
 
 
== Treatment ==
== Treatment ==
The management of CKD includes slowing the progression, treating the complications, and identifying those who require renal replacement therapy.
The management of CKD includes slowing the progression, treating the complications, and identifying those who require renal replacement therapy.