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Chronic kidney disease: Difference between revisions
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<section begin="radiology" />'''Chronic kidney disease''' (CKD), previously called '''chronic renal failure''' is defined as the presence of either kidney damage or decreased kidney function for more than 3 months. Decreased kidney function is measured by decreased <abbr>[[Glomerular filtration rate|GFR]]</abbr>. <section end="radiology" />In practice, the presence of any of the following criteria for more than 3 months establishes CKD: | <section begin="clinical biochemistry" /><section begin="radiology" />'''Chronic kidney disease''' (CKD), previously called '''chronic renal failure''' is defined as the presence of either kidney damage or decreased kidney function for more than 3 months. Decreased kidney function is measured by decreased <abbr>[[Glomerular filtration rate|GFR]]</abbr>. <section end="radiology" /><section end="clinical biochemistry" />In practice, the presence of any of the following criteria for more than 3 months establishes CKD: | ||
* Abnormal GFR | * Abnormal GFR | ||
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* Old age | * Old age | ||
* Low socioeconomic status | * Low socioeconomic status | ||
<section begin="clinical biochemistry" /> | |||
== Classification == | == Classification == | ||
CKD is classified according to the GFR and the degree of [[albuminuria]]: | CKD is classified according to the GFR and the degree of [[albuminuria]]: | ||
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As such, a person with GFR of 43 and AER of 100 is stage G3bA2. A person with a GFR of 100, AER of 5, and polycystic kidney disease has stage G1A1 CKD. | As such, a person with GFR of 43 and AER of 100 is stage G3bA2. A person with a GFR of 100, AER of 5, and polycystic kidney disease has stage G1A1 CKD. | ||
<section end="clinical biochemistry" /> | |||
== Clinical features == | == Clinical features == | ||
Chronic kidney disease is asymptomatic until the late stages, when the patient may develop oedema due to hypervolaemia. | Chronic kidney disease is asymptomatic until the late stages, when the patient may develop oedema due to hypervolaemia. | ||
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[[Renal scintigraphy]] may be used to precisely determine the kidney function of each kidney. | [[Renal scintigraphy]] may be used to precisely determine the kidney function of each kidney. | ||
<section end="radiology" /> | <section end="radiology" /><section begin="clinical biochemistry" /> | ||
The following laboratory alterations may be present: | The following laboratory alterations may be present: | ||
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* [[Haematuria]] | * [[Haematuria]] | ||
Hyperkalaemia can be a problem in CKD, because of the decreased renal elimination of potassium and because of the RAAS inhibitors’ tendency to cause it. Treatment may be necessary. | Hyperkalaemia can be a problem in CKD, because of the decreased renal elimination of potassium and because of the RAAS inhibitors’ tendency to cause it. Treatment may be necessary.<section end="clinical biochemistry" /> | ||
== Treatment == | == Treatment == | ||
The management of CKD includes slowing the progression, treating the complications, and identifying those who require renal replacement therapy. | The management of CKD includes slowing the progression, treating the complications, and identifying those who require renal replacement therapy. | ||