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Urinalysis: Difference between revisions
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(Created page with "A '''urine dipstick test''', sometimes abbreviated as '''urinary stick''' or '''u-stix''' is a point-of-care test which is used to analyse certain parametres of the urine. It's quick and cheap, and can be read off manually or by automatic machines. They're used in the diagnosis and follow-up of many disorders, like urinary tract infection, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease. A normal dipstick evaluates the following parametres in the urine: * Leuk...") |
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== Procedure == | == Procedure == | ||
Proper sample collection is essential to maintain as high sensitivity and specificity as possible. The patient should not provide a sample if they've peed in the previous 4 hours, as in these cases the urine is "too fresh" to show signs of bacterial infection. The male should withdraw the foreskin and the female should spread the labia when making the sample. Morning urine is usually best. The initial urine should be discarded; mid-stream urine should be used. | Proper sample collection is essential to maintain as high sensitivity and specificity as possible. The patient should not provide a sample if they've peed in the previous 4 hours, as in these cases the urine is "too fresh" to show signs of bacterial infection. The male should withdraw the foreskin and the female should spread the labia when making the sample. Morning urine is usually best. The initial urine should be discarded; mid-stream urine should be used. | ||
[[File:Urinary dipstick.png|thumb|This shows the urinary dipstick and the standard with which the result is compared to.<ref>https://www.onecaremedical.com.sg/urine-dipstick-tests/</ref>]] | |||
The patient provides a urinary sample. A single-use paper strip is dipped into the urine. The strip contains multiple squares covered with different reagents, each of which change colour when coming into contact with certain compounds in the urine. The degree of colour change is compared to a standard. | The patient provides a urinary sample. A single-use paper strip is dipped into the urine. The strip contains multiple squares covered with different reagents, each of which change colour when coming into contact with certain compounds in the urine. The degree of colour change is compared to a standard which is usually printed on the bottle. | ||
== Leukocytes == | == Leukocytes == | ||
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== Ketones == | == Ketones == | ||
Ketones are present in the urine when they're present in the blood, which occurs during ketoacidosis and starvation. | Ketones are present in the urine when they're present in the blood, which occurs during ketoacidosis and starvation. Diagnosis of these conditions rarely depend on the urine analysis, as we usually diagnose ketoacidosis based on serum glucose levels anyway. | ||
== Haemoglobin == | == Haemoglobin == | ||
The urine dipstick can be helpful in diagnosing microscopic [[haematuria]]. This can be useful in the evaluation of urinary tract pathologies like stones and cancer. Urinary tract infection can also cause microhaematuria. In case of gross [[haematuria]], the urinary dipstick result has no clinical utility. | |||
[[Category:Laboratory Medicine]] | [[Category:Laboratory Medicine]] | ||