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65. Inflammatory skin diseases: Difference between revisions
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(Created page with "== Urticaria == Urticaria (commonly known as “hives”) is a condition where erythematous, oedematous and pruritic plaques called ''wheals'' arise on the skin. It can be caused by a multitude of factors, like allergens, insect bites, cold, stress, pressure and even normal water. Pathogenesis: A type I hypersensitivity reaction against antigens like pollen, food or drugs causes mast cells in the skin to degranulate. This causes the small arteries in the dermis to becom...") |
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* The different layers of the epidermis separate from each other, forming a blister. | * The different layers of the epidermis separate from each other, forming a blister. | ||
=== | === Pemphigus vulgaris === | ||
Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune disease where the immune system causes keratinocytes to separate from each other. This causes blisters to form. These blisters can affect both the oral mucosa and the skin. | Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune disease where the immune system causes keratinocytes to separate from each other. This causes blisters to form. These blisters can affect both the oral mucosa and the skin. | ||
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Morphology: Blisters are formed inside the epidermis. The blisters can affect not only the skin but the oral mucosa as well. The blisters are thin and rupture easily. | Morphology: Blisters are formed inside the epidermis. The blisters can affect not only the skin but the oral mucosa as well. The blisters are thin and rupture easily. | ||
=== | === Bullous pemphigoid === | ||
Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune disease where the immune system causes basal cells to separate from the basal membrane. This causes blisters to form. These blisters affect most commonly the skin and rarely the oral mucosa. | Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune disease where the immune system causes basal cells to separate from the basal membrane. This causes blisters to form. These blisters affect most commonly the skin and rarely the oral mucosa. | ||
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Morphology: Blisters are formed below the epidermis. The blisters affect only the skin. These blisters are thicker and do not rupture easily. If immunofluorescence would be performed you would see antibodies lining up against the basement membrane, which forms a linear pattern. | Morphology: Blisters are formed below the epidermis. The blisters affect only the skin. These blisters are thicker and do not rupture easily. If immunofluorescence would be performed you would see antibodies lining up against the basement membrane, which forms a linear pattern. | ||
=== | === Dermatitis herpetiformis === | ||
Dermatitis herpetiformis is an autoimmune disease where the small vesicles develop at the tip of the dermal papillae. It most commonly occurs in people with coeliac disease. | Dermatitis herpetiformis is an autoimmune disease where the small vesicles develop at the tip of the dermal papillae. It most commonly occurs in people with coeliac disease. | ||