Periampullary cancer refers to cancer arising around the ampulla of Vater. These cancers are usually cholangiocarcinoma og pancreatic cancer. Cancers located around the ampulla are usually treated in the same way and are therefore given their own "designation" of periampullary or ampullary cancer.

Periampullary cancer usually presents with jaundice. Periampullary cancer sometimes has better outcome than "normal" cholangiocellular carcinoma or pancreatic cancer, probably due to how it causes symptoms earlier.