Elbow dislocation

Elbow dislocations are a relatively common sports injury of the young, and occur due to direct trauma or fall on outstretched hand. Treatment is closed reduction under anaesthesia and immobilisation with cast.

Etiology

Posterior dislocations occur due to fall on outstretched arm, while anterior dislocations occur due to direct trauma with a flexed elbow.

Classification

Elbow dislocations are classified as posterior (most common) or anterior.

Clinical features

Patients usually guard the affected elbow. There may be swelling, deformity, and elastic rigidity.

Diagnosis and evaluation

X-ray should be taken before and after reduction. We must look for associated fractures of the elbow as well, including fractures of the coronoid process and medial or lateral epicondyle.

Treatment

Treatment is closed reduction under anaesthesia, followed by immobilisation with cast.