Congenital anomalies of the urethra

Posterior urethral valve

  • = tissue which obstructs the posterior urethra
  • Common cause of urinary tract obstruction in newborn males
    • Only affects males
  • Associated with pulmonary hypoplasia
  • Diagnosis by voiding cystogram
  • Treatment: Valve ablation with cystoscopy

Hypospadias

  • External urethral opening on ventral penis
  • Only symptomatic cases require surgery

Epispadias

  • External urethral opening on dorsal penis
  • Often associated with bladder exstrophy
  • Treatment: surgery