4. Diseases of the tympanic membrane, tumours of the external ear (benign, malignant tumours)
- Divided into four quadrants be the longitudinal axis of the handle of the malleus and a line perpendicular to it
- Anterosuperior quadrant
- Pars tensa
- Posterosuperior quadrant
- Vessels
- Nerves
- Middle ear bones
- Anteroinferior quadrant
- Light reflex
- Posteroinferior quadrant
- Nothing
- Surgery
- Paracentesis – needle puncture to drain fluid
- Myringotomy – incision, insertion of tube
- Anteroinferior or posteroinferior quadrant!
- Diseases
- Perforation, rupture
- Myringitis granulosa
- Type of otitis externa where granulation tissue forms in the tympanic membrane
- Myringitis bullosa
- Bulla on membrane
- Barotrauma
- Airplane
- Divers
- Retraction
- Eustachian tube closing -> Negative pressure in middle ear -> retraction -> otitis media with effusion
- Flat membrane, no light reflex
Tumours of external ear
- Most are epithelial
- Kerato-acanthoma
- Rheumatoid nodules
- Epidermal cyst
- Haemangioma
- Seborrheic keratosis
- Atheroma
- Actinic keratosis
- Cutaneous horn
- BCC
- SCC
- Malignant melanoma