36. Epidemiology and prevention of AIDS
- Epidemiology of HIV and AIDS
- 34 million worldwide live with HIV
- 23 million in Africa
- Most new infections occur in Africa as well
- 1.8 million deaths worldwide due to AIDS in 2010
- Adult prevalence of AIDS in Africa: 4,7%
- After the HIV epidemic began in ~80s, the life expectancy in Southern Africa actually decreased
- HIV is primarily transmitted through sex, and primarily by men who have sex with men
- In non-African countries, black peoples are more commonly affected than other ethnicities
- For every 100 HIV+ mother there will be 35 HIV+ babies
- Complications of AIDS
- Pneumocystis pneumonia (by pneumocystis jirovecii)
- Toxoplasmosis
- Candida infection
- Tuberculosis
- Kaposi sarcoma
- Prevention
- Primary
- Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV-positive pregnant women
- The use of this is increasing
- Condom use
- Female condoms also exist
- Tertiary
- Antiretroviral therapy to HIV-positive people
- Postexposure prophylaxis