19. Epidemiology and prevention of diabetes
Diabetes mellitus type 1
- Epidemiology
- 5% of all diabetes cases
- Onset in childhood
- Most prevalent in white
- Etiology
- Genetic factors
- Autoimmune disease
- Viral infections
- Protective factors
- Breast feeding
- Vitamin D
- Prevention
- Secondary
- Screening of relatives or high-risk populations
- Tertiary
- Glucose control
- Secondary
Diabetes mellitus type 2
- Epidemiology
- Worldwide prevalence rising
- Becoming more and more of a problem in developing countries as well
- Prevalence: 9% of US
- Rising
- Onset > 40, but age of onset is decreasing
- Hispanics, native americans, Asians, blacks > whites
- Etiology
- Associated with metabolic syndrome
- Family history
- Obesity
- High calorie diet
- Physical inactivity
- Dyslipidaemia
- Hypertension
- Genetic factors
- LPL
- Insulin receptor
- Glucose transporter
- Socioeconomic factors
- Scoring systems
- Gives the risk of developing type 2 diabetes
- FINDRISK
- AUSDRISK
- Prevention
- Primary
- Population-based health programmes
- Prevention of obesity
- Reduce fat
- Reduce sugar
- Increase fruit, vegetables
- Secondary
- Screening
- Tertiary
- Management of cardiovascular risk factors
- Glucose control
- Primary