16. Epidemiology and prevention of prostate and cervix cancer
Prostate
- Epidemiology
- Most common cancer in men
- Third most common cause of cancer death in men
- Incidence increased recently
- A disease of elderly
- Etiology
- Old age
- Ethnicity
- Black > white
- Family history
- Androgen exposure
- Diet
- Omega-6 intake
- Obesity
- Smoking
- STD
- Prognosis
- Mortality stable
- 5-year survival: 80%
- Prevention
- Prevent obesity
- Increase omega-3, reduce omega-6
- Don’t smoke
- Screening
- For high-risk people
- BRCA
- Black
- History of prostate cc
- PSA
- DRE
- For high-risk people
Cervix
- Epidemiology
- 4th most common cancer in females
- 6th most common cause of cancer death in females
- In 35 – 50 years old
- Deaths mainly occur in countries without access to screening and vaccines
- Etiology
- HPV 95% of cancers
- Increased number of pregnancies
- Early start of sexual life
- Higher number of sexual partners
- Smoking
- Obesity
- Prognosis
- Screening decreased mortality
- 5-year survival: 20%
- Prevention
- Safe sex
- No smoking
- Prevent obesity
- Vaccination against HPV
- Screening
- 21 – 30
- Pap smear every 3 years
- 30 – 65
- Pap smear every 5 years
- HPV test every 5 years
- Over 65
- Not tested
- Vaccinated women should also be screened
- High risk screened more often
- 21 – 30