14. Epidemiology and prevention of colorectal cancer
- Epidemiology
- Third most common cancer worldwide
- Second and third most common causes of cancer deaths in men and women, respectively
- Males = females
- Half could be prevented with correct prevention
- Etiology
- Majority are sporadic
- Minority are hereditary
- Familial
- FAP
- Peutz Jeghers syndrome
- Risk factors
- Red meat
- Low dietary fibre
- Obesity
- Smoking
- High energy intake
- Protective factors
- Calcium
- Vitamin D
- Fruit, vegetables
- Physical activity
- High fibre intake
- Prognosis
- Prevention
- Improve diet
- Screening (recommendations)
- Begins at age 50
- Sigmoidoscopy
- Colonoscopy
- CT colonography (virtual colonoscopy)
- Faecal occult blood test