Plasma protein

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This article is a stub, meaning that it is unfinished. It will eventually be expanded.

Total protein
- Normal serum level 66 - 83 g/L
- Normal urine level < 0,1 g/L
- Biuret test (copper forms purple complex with proteins in alkaline solution)
- Colour intensity proportional to protein concentration – photometry

Albumin
- Normal serum level 35 - 53 g/L
- Albumin forms green complex with BCG at pH 4,1
- Photometry

Specific proteins
- Measurement based on immunogenicity – use of monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
- Immunoassay – biochemical test measuring concentration of protein by using antibody
  - Enzyme immunoassay (EIA)
  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
  - Radioimmunoassay (RIA)
  - Fluorescence
- Proteins
  - Microalbumin (high sensitivity albumin measurement)
  - Hormones
  - Tumour markers
  - Drugs
  - B12
  - Folic acid
  - Transferrin
  - Ferritin
  - EPO
  - HCG
  - Troponin
  - Procalcitonin
Separation techniques
- Chromatography
- Electrophoresis – sample added to gel -> electric field applied -> molecules separated by electric charge -> stained to make charged molecules visible
  - Qualitative, semi-quantitative!
  - Serum, not plasma (fibrinogen forms a band)
  - Serum electrophoresis – monoclonal paraproteins
  - CSF electrophoresis – multiple sclerosis
  - Haemoglobin electrophoresis – haemoglobinopathies
  - Lipid electrophoresis – dyslipidaemias
  - Urine electrophoresis – Bence-Jones protein