110. Health effects of soil contamination. Health effects and management of wastewater, wastes and hazardous wastes

Health effects of soil contamination
- According to the European hazard symbols, chemical which are dangerous to the soil and environment are noted by the letter N
- Sources of soil contamination
  - Landfills
  - Deforestation
  - Pesticides, fertilizers
  - Acid rain
- Biotic factors of soil with health impact
  - Geohelminths
  - Protozoa
  - Bacteria
- Chemical factors of soil with health impact
  - Heavy metals
    - Arsenic
    - Lead
    - Mercury
  - Mineral oils
  - Pesticides
  - Fertilizers
  - Iodide
  - Organic chemicals
  - Isotopes
- Many soil pollutants are carcinogenic, neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, etc.
Health effects and management of wastewater, wastes and hazardous wastes
- Wastewater = water used by humans which is returned to the environment
- Hazardous wastes
  - Organic solvents
  - Heavy metals
  - Paints
  - Oil
  - Pesticides
  - Plastics
- Health hazards of waste accumulation
  - Epidemics of cholera, diarrhoea, dysentery, etc.
  - Carcinogenesis
  - Teratogenesis
  - CNS toxicity
- Waste management
  - Waste must be properly collected and transported, and later treated or safely disposed of