New pages
- 08:42, 13 September 2024 B15. Treatment of the septic hand. (hist | edit) [77 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Hand infections|traumatology}} Category:Traumatology (POTE course)")
- 08:41, 13 September 2024 Hand infections (hist | edit) [2,449 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />'''Septic (infective) conditions of the hand''' are rare but severe conditions. There’s always a form of trauma in the background, as well as some predisposing factors like malnutrition, immunodeficiency, diabetes, alcoholism, etc. Treatment depends on the specific condition but often involves source control like incision and drainage, as well as antibiotics. == Paronychia == Paronychia is an infection of the soft t...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 08:38, 13 September 2024 B14. Tendon injuries of the hand. (hist | edit) [82 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Hand tendon injuries|traumatology}} Category:Traumatology (POTE course)")
- 08:38, 13 September 2024 Hand tendon injuries (hist | edit) [3,430 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />'''Tendon injuries of the hand''' are usually traumatic. They’re classified into injuries of the flexor and extensor tendons, and into five and eight zones, respectively. There is loss of active flexion or extension of the affected finger. Treatment is usually surgical repair. There may be concomitant neurovascular injury. We can distinguish injury of flexor tendons and extensor tendons. Flexor tendon injuries are those which affect the...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 08:35, 13 September 2024 B13. Nerve injuries of the hand. Immediate and delayed nerve repair. (hist | edit) [180 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Nerve injuries of the hand = {{#lst:Nerve injuries of the hand|traumatology}} = Surgical nerve repair = {{#lst:Nerve repair|traumatology}} Category:Traumatology (POTE course)")
- 08:34, 13 September 2024 Nerve repair (hist | edit) [1,436 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />After traumatic nerve injury, for example of the hand, '''surgical nerve repair''' is often indicated. However, immediate repair is not always appropriate; in many cases, delaying the repair a few weeks or months may be better. However, nerve repair should not be delayed more than six months, as beyond that time irreversible changes occur. Surgical nerve repair is indicated for neurotmesis and visibly damage...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 08:33, 13 September 2024 Nerve injuries of the hand (hist | edit) [2,212 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />Nerve injuries are classified according to severity. From least to most severe they’re neuropraxia (focal demyelination), axonotmesis (axon cut), and neurotmesis (nerve cut). Tinel sign may be positive. Radial nerve palsy causes drop hand, while ulnar nerve palsy causes claw hand. Diagnosis involves neurological examination, EMG, and ENG. == Etiology == Nerve injuries of the hand may be primary or secondary: * Primary ** Trauma to nerv...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 08:29, 13 September 2024 Metacarpal injuries (hist | edit) [1,969 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />There are multiple named injuries of the metacarpal bones: '''Bennet fracture''' is a partial intraarticular fracture of the base of the 1st metacarpal. Rolando fracture is a comminuted intraarticular fracture of the 1st metacarpal. They’re due to axial force on the thumb. Treatment is surgical. '''Rolando fracture''' is a comminuted intraarticular fracture of the 1st metacarpal (multiple bone fragments). '''Gamekeeper’s thumb''' is...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 08:27, 13 September 2024 Carpal injuries (hist | edit) [2,304 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />The most commonly injured carpal bone is the scaphoid. '''Scaphoid fractures''' are common, especially in young. They occur due to fall on outstretched hand, and are classified according to Herbert. Symptoms include swelling, pain, and tenderness of the anatomical snuffbox. These fractures are not always visible on x-ray acutely, and so conservative treatment is usually performed despite x-ray evidence if the clinical suspicion is high, to...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 08:25, 13 September 2024 B11. Forearm fractures. Distal radius fractures. (hist | edit) [173 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Forearm fractures = {{#lst:Forearm fracture|traumatology}} = Distal radius fractures = {{#lst:Distal radius fracture|traumatology}} Category:Traumatology (POTE course)")
- 08:24, 13 September 2024 Distal radius fracture (hist | edit) [1,453 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />'''Distal radius fractures''' are common fractures, especially of the elderly. They occur due to fall on outstretched arm. Colles fracture is an extraarticular fracture with dorsal angulation of the fragment. Smith fracture is an extraarticular fracture with ventral angulation of the fragment. The median nerve may be injured. Non-dislocated fractures are treated conservatively; dislocated fractures are treated surgically. == Etiology == F...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 08:23, 13 September 2024 Forearm fracture (hist | edit) [1,664 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />'''Forearm fractures''' have the second highest ratio of open to closed fractures among all fractures. They’re also common in children. We distinguish simple forearm fractures from complex ones. Simple fractures are isolated fractures of the radius or ulna (sometimes called nightstick fracture). Complex fractures are fractures occurring with dislocations. The three most important complex fractures are: {| class="wikitable" |'''Name''' |...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 08:21, 13 September 2024 B10. Elbow fractures and dislocations (hist | edit) [159 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Elbow fractures = {{#lst:Elbow fractures|traumatology}} = Elbow dislocations = {{#lst:Elbow dislocations|traumatology}} Category:Traumatology (POTE course)")
- 08:20, 13 September 2024 Elbow dislocation (hist | edit) [1,001 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />'''Elbow dislocations''' are a relatively common sports injury of the young, and occur due to direct trauma or fall on outstretched hand. Treatment is closed reduction under anaesthesia and immobilisation with cast. == Etiology == Posterior dislocations occur due to fall on outstretched arm, while anterior dislocations occur due to direct trauma with a flexed elbow. == Classification == Elbow dislocations are classified as posterior (mos...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 08:19, 13 September 2024 Elbow fracture (hist | edit) [1,732 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />'''Elbow fractures''' involve fractures of the distal humerus, radial head, and olecranon. These are among the most common fractures in the paediatric population, but also occurs in adults. They may occur due to fall on outstretched arm or direct trauma to elbow. Radial head fractures are classified according to Manson, olecranon according to Mayo, and distal humeral fractures according to AO/ASIF. Extraarticular undislocated fractures are...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 08:18, 13 September 2024 B9. Proximal and middle shaft humeral fractures. (hist | edit) [84 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Humeral shaft fracture|traumatology}} Category:Traumatology (POTE course)")
- 08:17, 13 September 2024 Humeral shaft fracture (hist | edit) [2,178 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />Most humeral shaft fractures occur on the proximal end. It’s more common in elderly women usually due to fall on outstretched arm on the basis of osteoporosis. It’s classified according to the NEER classification. Axillary nerve injury may occur. Treatment is mostly conservative with a sling. Midshaft humeral fractures may occur in young or elderly, mostly in young. These are less common than proximal fractures. Radial nerve injury ma...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 08:10, 13 September 2024 B8. Scapula and clavicle fractures. Dislocation of the AC, SC and shoulder joints. (hist | edit) [382 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Scapula fracture = {{#lst:Scapula fracture|traumatology}} = Clavicle fracture = {{#lst:Clavicle fracture|traumatology}} = AC dislocation = {{#lst:Acromioclavicular joint dislocation|traumatology}} = SC dislocation = {{#lst:Sternoclavicular joint dislocation|traumatology}} = Shoulder dislocation = {{#lst:Shoulder dislocation|traumatology}} Category:Traumatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 08:09, 13 September 2024 Shoulder dislocation (hist | edit) [2,730 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />'''Shoulder dislocation''' is the most common joint dislocation, occurring mostly in younger males. It is often associated with other injuries, like fractures, tears of the rotator cuff, and injuries to the axillary artery or nerve. Shoulder dislocations are often recurrent as the joint capsule becomes lax after the first dislocation. This is called recurrent shoulder dislocation. == Etiology == Anterior shoulder dislocation occurs du...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 08:06, 13 September 2024 Sternoclavicular joint dislocation (hist | edit) [966 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />'''Sternoclavicular (SC) joint dislocation''' is an uncommon injury. It may be due to due to indirect trauma or direct trauma. SC dislocations may be presternal (caused by indirect injury) or retrosternal (caused by direct injury). Retrosternal dislocation may cause injury of mediastinal structures (vessels, nerves, and oesophagus). == Clinical features == SC dislocation presents with a deformity and a palpable bump on the clavicle. ==...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 08:04, 13 September 2024 Acromioclavicular joint dislocation (hist | edit) [1,295 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />'''Acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation''' occurs due to rupture of the acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments. It is also known as a “separated shoulder”. It occurs due to direct trauma to the shoulder, like rugby or ice hockey. == Classification == AC dislocations are classified according to the Rockwood or Tossy classification. == Clinical features == AC dislocation presents with pain over the AC joint. In case of ty...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 17:50, 12 September 2024 Clavicle fracture (hist | edit) [1,377 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />'''Clavicle fracture''' is relatively common. They primarily occur due to fall onto the shoulder. Fractures of the middle third of the clavicle accounts for most cases. Fracture fragments may cause pneumothorax or neurovascular injury. Treatment is conservative with a sling. == Etiology == Clavicle fracture occurs due to fall onto the shoulder in 90% of cases. Direct blow and fall onto outstretched hand accounts for the remaining cases....") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 17:49, 12 September 2024 Scapula fracture (hist | edit) [1,105 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />'''Scapula fractures''' are rare injuries. They usually involve the scapular neck, body, or glenoid cavity. There are often associated injuries. They’re mostly treated conservatively but surgical treatment is indicated for displaced or intraarticular fractures. A “floating shoulder” refers to ipsilateral fracture of the scapular neck and clavicle, causing the shoulder to “float” freely. Floating shoulder is an indication of surg...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 17:47, 12 September 2024 B7. Foot fractures and dislocations. Achilles-tendon injuries (hist | edit) [227 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Foot fractures = {{#lst:Foot fracture|traumatology}} = Foot dislocations = {{#lst:Foot dislocation|traumatology}} = Achilles tendon injuries {{#lst:Achilles tendon injury|traumatology}} Category:Traumatology (POTE course)")
- 17:46, 12 September 2024 Achilles tendon injury (hist | edit) [2,552 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />The Achilles tendon, the largest tendon in the body, may be partially or completely ruptured and is a typical injury of active people. Rupture typically occurs when a sudden stress is applied to an already weakened or degenerated tendon. It's a common sports injury after rapid acceleration and pivoting. Patients usually describe the sensation of being struck or kicked at the back of the ankle, often with an audible “pop”. A gap in the...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 17:45, 12 September 2024 Foot dislocation (hist | edit) [1,793 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />Subtalar dislocation refers to dislocation of the talonavicular and talocalcaneal joints, causing displacement of the calcaneus, cuboid, navicular, and all of the forefoot from the talus. Dislocation most commonly occurs in the medial direction, medially to the talus. This occurs due to high energy trauma, and presents with a foot locked in supination. It’s managed conservatively, with closed reduction and casting. Lisfranc injury is a...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 17:44, 12 September 2024 Foot fracture (hist | edit) [4,472 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />Any bone in the foot may break, but only talus, calcaneus, and 5th metatarsal fractures were included in the lecture. However, I was asked regarding toe fractures on the exam so I’ve included those as well. The talus is a so-called free-floating bone in the foot and ankle joint, referring to how it doesn’t have any tendons or muscles attaching to it. Its blood supply is vulnerable to injury. Fractures of the talus may involve the tala...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 17:37, 12 September 2024 B6. Pilon fracture. Fractures and ligament injuries of the ankle (hist | edit) [89 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Ankle fractures and sprains|traumatology}} Category:Traumatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit
- 17:36, 12 September 2024 Ankle fractures and sprains (hist | edit) [5,160 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />Ankle injuries are one of the most common causes of presentation to primary care and emergency departments. They may be purely ligamentous ('''ankle sprain''') or involve bone ('''ankle fractures'''). Ankle sprains are more common and less serious than ankle fractures. A syndesmotic sprain is one in which syndesmotic structures (which are critical to ankle stability) are injured. Most ankle fractures affect one or both malleoli. A pilon...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 08:20, 12 September 2024 B5. Ligament and meniscal injuries of the knee. Patellar fractures. (hist | edit) [248 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Ligament injury of the knee = {{#lst:Knee ligament injuries|traumatology}} = Meniscal injury of the knee = {{#lst:Meniscus tears|traumatology}} = Patellar fractures = {{#lst:Patellar fracture|traumatology}} Category:Traumatology (POTE course)")
- 08:19, 12 September 2024 Patellar fracture (hist | edit) [1,572 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />'''Patellar fractures''' are the result of blunt trauma to the patella or due to a contracting quadriceps. These fractures are rare, accounting for approximately 1% of all fractures. == Etiology == Fall onto flexed knee or the knee hitting the dashboard during motor vehicle accident are the most frequent causes of patellar fracture. == Classification == Patellar fractures are classified according to their morphology: * Undisplaced * Tra...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 08:04, 12 September 2024 B4. Proximal and middle shaft lower leg fractures (hist | edit) [77 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Tibial fracture|traumatology}} Category:Traumatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 08:04, 12 September 2024 Tibial fracture (hist | edit) [1,663 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />'''Proximal tibial and tibial shaft fractures''' have the highest ratio of open to closed fractures among all fractures. Fractures of the tibia occur due to high energy trauma (most common), low energy trauma, or repetitive use (stress fractures). Treatment is most frequently surgical. External fixation may be used temporarily in case of open fractures or polytrauma. Malunion, nonunion, compartment syndrome, neurovascular injury, and infec...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 07:58, 12 September 2024 B3. Trochanteric, diaphyseal and distal fractures of the femur (hist | edit) [221 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Trochanteric fractures = {{#lst:Trochanteric fracture|traumatology}} = Femoral shaft and distal femoral fractures = {{#lst:Femoral shaft and distal femoral fracture|traumatology}} Category:Traumatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 07:57, 12 September 2024 Femoral shaft and distal femoral fracture (hist | edit) [1,282 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />'''Femoral shaft fractures and distal femoral fractures''' may occur in young due to high energy trauma or elderly due to low energy trauma. They’re classified according to Winquist-Hansen. Treatment is ORIF. == Classification == These fractures are classified according to the AO/ASIF classification or Winquist-Hansen classification. == Clinical features == Femoral shaft fractures are usually clinically obvious due to local presence of...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 07:57, 12 September 2024 Trochanteric fracture (hist | edit) [2,647 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />'''Trochanteric (femur) fractures''' are a type of hip fracture. Pertrochanteric and intertrochanteric fractures are at the level of the greater and lesser trochanter, while subtrochanteric fractures are more distal. Pertrochanteric fractures involve both trochanters, whereas the fracture line of an intertrochanteric fracture runs between the trochanters, but the difference is small and so these terms are often used interchangeably. Th...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 07:53, 12 September 2024 B2. Femoral neck fractures and their complications. Femoral head fractures (hist | edit) [74 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Hip fracture|traumatology}} Category:Traumatology (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 07:50, 12 September 2024 Hip fracture (hist | edit) [3,913 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />'''Hip fractures''' are those which involve the proximal femur, including femoral head fractures, femoral neck fractures, trochanteric fractures, and subtrochanteric fractures. Hip fractures are one of the most common fractures of the elderly, and a common cause of admission to the hospital. They’re also severe and can cause severe morbidity and mortality. Hip fractures affect 169 / 100 000 each year, and females more often than males....") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 07:47, 12 September 2024 B1. Pelvic and acetabular fractures. Traumatic hip dislocations. (hist | edit) [243 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Pelvic fractures = {{#lst:Pelvic fracture|traumatology}} = Acetabular fractures = {{#lst:Acetabular fracture|traumatology}} = Traumatic hip dislocation = {{#lst:Traumatic hip dislocation|traumatology}} Category:Traumatology (POTE course)")
- 07:45, 12 September 2024 Traumatic hip dislocation (hist | edit) [1,752 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />'''Traumatic dislocation of the hip''' refers to dislocation of the femoral head from the acetabular socket. It is rare and usually associated with other injuries, like acetabular fracture or hip fracture. It mostly occurs due to high energy trauma in young. 90% of traumatic hip dislocations are posterior. It may lead to osteonecrosis of the femoral head, osteoarthritis, and sciatic nerve injury. == Classification == Hip dislocations are...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 07:44, 12 September 2024 Acetabular fracture (hist | edit) [1,847 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />'''Fractures of the acetabulum''' are, like pelvic fractures, a result of high energy motor vehicle accidents in young or low energy falls in elderly. Fractures to joint surfaces predispose to later osteoarthritis, so proper treatment is important. Associated ipsilateral neurovascular injury is not uncommon and must be kept in mind. == Classification == Acetabular fractures may be classified according to the Judet and...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 07:38, 12 September 2024 Pelvic fracture (hist | edit) [3,780 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "<section begin="traumatology" />'''Fractures of the pelvis''', including the acetabulum, is mostly a result of motor vehicle accidents (high-energy trauma) in young adults, and therefore often co-exists with other injuries or fractures. It may also occur in elderly due to falls from standing height (low-energy trauma). Low-energy fractures (elderly) are usually isolated and do not damage the integrity of the pelvic ring. High-energy fractures (young) usually damage the...") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:18, 11 September 2024 67. Aseptic bone necroses (hist | edit) [117 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Osteonecrosis|orthopaedics}} Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course)")
- 19:18, 11 September 2024 65. Closure abnormalities of the spinal cord (hist | edit) [140 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Spinal dysraphism|orthopaedics}} Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course) {{DEFAULTSORT:75._Closure_abnormalities_of_the_spinal_cord}}") Tag: Visual edit
- 19:17, 11 September 2024 60. Orthopaedic aspects of osteoporosis (hist | edit) [298 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with " {{DEFAULTSORT:70._Orthopaedic_aspects_of_osteoporosis}} = Osteoporosis = {{#lst:Osteoporosis|orthopaedics}} = Vertebral fracture = Orthopaedic surgeons are involved in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures.{{#lst:Vertebral fracture|orthopaedics}} Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course)") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:15, 11 September 2024 56. Acute osteomyelitis (hist | edit) [121 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Osteomyelitis|orthopaedics acute}} Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course) {{DEFAULTSORT:66._Acute_osteomyelitis}}") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:13, 11 September 2024 55. Rehabilitation following limb amputation, orthoses, orthopaedic shoes (hist | edit) [231 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "= Limb amputation = {{#lst:Limb amputation|orthopaedics}} = Orthoses = {{#lst:Orthosis|orthopaedics}} Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course) {{DEFAULTSORT:65._Rehabilitation_following_limb_amputation,_orthoses,_orthopaedic_shoes}}") Tag: Visual edit
- 19:13, 11 September 2024 53. Chondromalacia patellae (hist | edit) [129 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Chondromalacia patellae|orthopaedics}} Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course) {{DEFAULTSORT:63._Chondromalacia_patellae}}") Tag: Visual edit: Switched
- 19:12, 11 September 2024 49. Tuberculous arthritis (hist | edit) [125 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Tuberculous arthritis|orthopaedics}} Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course) {{DEFAULTSORT:59._Tuberculous_arthritis}}") Tag: Visual edit
- 19:12, 11 September 2024 47. Femoral head necrosis (hist | edit) [121 bytes] Nikolas (talk | contribs) (Created page with "{{#lst:Osteonecrosis|orthopaedics hip}} Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course) {{DEFAULTSORT:57._Femoral_head_necrosis}}") Tag: Visual edit