Symptoms of the genitourinary tract

From greek.doctor
  • Urologic symptoms are generally
    • Pain, discomfort
    • Alterations of urination
    • Changes in the gross appearance of the urine
    • Abnormal appearance or function of external genitalia
  • Primary urologic diseases can manifest as GI problems
  • Systemic manifestations
    • Fever
      • Acute pyelonephritis, prostatitis, RCC
      • Chronic pyelonephritis does not cause fever
    • Weight loss
      • Advanced stages of cancer
  • Pain
    • Can be felt locally at the area of the diseased organ or elsewhere, as referred pain
  • Renal pain
    • Either dull and aching or sharp and colicky (renal colic)
    • Dull and aching renal pain
      • Usually felt at the costovertebral angle
      • Pyelonephritis
    • Renal colic
      • Severe, unilateral colicky flank pain
      • Paroxysmal
      • The patient has a severe urge to move around
      • Can radiate to groin, perineum, abdomen, etc.
      • Painful on percussion
      • Nausea, vomiting common
      • Due to ureter or kidney stone
  • Ureteral pain
    • Typically caused by acute obstruction and distension of the ureter
    • Ureter pain is felt at the area of the kidney, but may radiate to the groin
  • Bladder pain
    • Acute distension -> overdistension -> discomfort in suprapubic area
  • Dysuria = painful urination
    • In case of lower urinary tract infection (cystitis or urethritis)
    • Cystitis -> sharp, burning pain in urethra or penis
    • Pain at the end of urination is typical symptom of cystitis
  • Prostate pain
    • Discomfort in perineal or rectal area -> prostatitis
  • Testicular/scrotal pain
    • Usually due to disease of testis or epididymis, but kidney or ureter stone can cause testicular pain
    • Sudden, severe pain
      • Trauma
      • Epididymitis
      • Testicular torsion
      • Kidney or ureter stone
    • Less severe pain, insidious onset
      • Hydrocele
      • Tumour
  • Urethral discharge -> STD
    • Gonorrhoea or Chlamydia
  • Eneuresis = wetting the bed at night