Spondylolisthesis
- Spondylolisthesis refers to anterior slipping of a vertebra compared to the one below it
- Etiology
- Spondylolysis
- Fracture
- Congenital malformation
- Tumour
- Clinical features
- Many cases are asymptomatic
- Low back pain
- Palpable “step off” at the area of slippage
- Pain may radiate
- Severe (grave V) spondylolisthesis is called spondyloptosis
- The vertebra has slipped so far with respect to the vertebra below that the two endplates are no longer congruent