18. Epidemiology and prevention of head and neck cancers and skin cancers

From greek.doctor


Head and neck

  • Epidemiology
    • Explosive growth in incidence of head and neck tumors in 20th century
    • Accounts for 3% of cancers in Western world
    • Male > female
  • Etiology
    • Smoking
    • High alcohol intake
    • “Smokeless” tobacco
    • Poor oral hygiene
    • Oral infections
    • HPV 16, 18
  • Prognosis
    • Death rate 4x increase in last 30 years in hungary
    • 5-year survival 20%
  • Prevention
    • Stop smoking
    • Improve oral hygiene
    • HPV vaccination

Non-melanoma skin cancer

  • Epidemiology
    • Non-melanoma incidence increasing
    • Male > female
    • More common than melanoma
    • Highest incidence in Australia, US, Europe
    • Lowest in dark-skinned populations
  • Etiology
    • Sun exposure
    • Tanning beds
    • Skin types I and II
      • Light skin
      • Blue eyes
      • Blond hair
      • Easily sunburnt
    • Arsenic exposure
  • Prognosis
    • 5-year survival almost 100%
  • Prevention
    • Sunscreen
    • Clothes in the sun
    • Don’t do tanning beds

Melanoma

  • Epidemiology
    • Only 2% of cancer incidence
  • Etiology
    • Sun exposure
      • Especially sunburn in childhood
    • Tanning bed
    • Congenital nevi
    • Skin types I and II
      • Light skin
      • Blue eyes
      • Blond hair
      • Easily sunburnt
  • Prognosis
    • Vary variable depending on stage at diagnosis
    • 5-year survival
      • T1 > 90%
      • N1, M0 20 – 40%
      • M1 < 5%
  • Prevention
    • Sunscreen
    • Clothes in the sun
    • Don’t do tanning beds