Anaemia: Difference between revisions

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'''Anaemia''' is defined as the reduction in circulating red blood cell-mass below normal levels. It reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, leading to tissue [[hypoxia]]. It is diagnosed by haemoglobin concentration. The WHO defines anaemia as a haemoglobin concentration < 13 g/dL for men and < 12 g/dL for women, but the normal ranges vary a bit from laboratory to laboratory.

<section begin="clinical biochemistry" />'''Anaemia''' is defined as the reduction in circulating red blood cell-mass below normal levels. It reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, leading to tissue [[hypoxia]]. It is diagnosed by haemoglobin concentration. The WHO defines anaemia as a haemoglobin concentration < 13 g/dL for men and < 12 g/dL for women, but the normal ranges vary a bit from laboratory to laboratory.

People with chronic anaemia develop compensatory mechanisms, which is why they can function with lower Hb.

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! rowspan="12" |Possible causes

|[[Iron deficiency anaemia]]

!''Haemolytic anaemias:''

!''[[Haemolytic anaemia|Haemolytic anaemias]]:''

|[[Vitamin B12 deficiency]]

|-

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|}

== General features of anaemia ==

== Classification of anaemia according to reticulocytes ==

In response to anaemia, a healthy bone marrow will increase production of RBCs. This is evidenced on labs as an elevated reticulocyte count. If reticulocytes are not elevated or are decreased, it points to a primary problem with the bone marrow causing the anaemia.

* Increased reticulocytes – bone marrow works hard

** Bleeding

** Haemolysis

* Decreased reticulocytes – bone marrow doesn’t work

** Aplastic anaemia

** Leukaemia

** Myelodysplasia

** Myelofibrosis

** Chronic kidney disease (EPO deficiency)

== General clinical features of anaemia ==

* Fatigue

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* Palpitations

* Tachycardia

For more specific features, see the article of the specific form of anaemia.

[[Category:Haematology]]

[[Category:Internal Medicine (POTE course)]]

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-'''Anaemia''' is defined as the reduction in circulating red blood cell-mass below normal levels. It reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, leading to tissue [[hypoxia]]. It is diagnosed by haemoglobin concentration. The WHO defines anaemia as a haemoglobin concentration < 13 g/dL for men and < 12 g/dL for women, but the normal ranges vary a bit from laboratory to laboratory.
+<section begin="clinical biochemistry" />'''Anaemia''' is defined as the reduction in circulating red blood cell-mass below normal levels. It reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, leading to tissue [[hypoxia]]. It is diagnosed by haemoglobin concentration. The WHO defines anaemia as a haemoglobin concentration < 13 g/dL for men and < 12 g/dL for women, but the normal ranges vary a bit from laboratory to laboratory.
 People with chronic anaemia develop compensatory mechanisms, which is why they can function with lower Hb.
@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 ! rowspan="12" |Possible causes
 |[[Iron deficiency anaemia]]
-!''Haemolytic anaemias:''
+!''[[Haemolytic anaemia|Haemolytic anaemias]]:''
 |[[Vitamin B12 deficiency]]
 |-
@@ Line 71: / Line 71: @@
 |}
-== General features of anaemia ==
+== Classification of anaemia according to reticulocytes ==
+In response to anaemia, a healthy bone marrow will increase production of RBCs. This is evidenced on labs as an elevated reticulocyte count. If reticulocytes are not elevated or are decreased, it points to a primary problem with the bone marrow causing the anaemia.
+* Increased reticulocytes – bone marrow works hard
+** Bleeding
+** Haemolysis
+* Decreased reticulocytes – bone marrow doesn’t work
+** Aplastic anaemia
+** Leukaemia
+** Myelodysplasia
+** Myelofibrosis
+** Chronic kidney disease (EPO deficiency)
+<section end="clinical biochemistry" />
+== General clinical features of anaemia ==
 * Fatigue
@@ Line 79: / Line 92: @@
 * Palpitations
 * Tachycardia
+For more specific features, see the article of the specific form of anaemia.
 [[Category:Haematology]]
 [[Category:Internal Medicine (POTE course)]]