View source for 13 – Low back pain

= Basics of spine =

* Intervertebral discs
** They lie between the vertebral bodies
** They consist of the outer annulus fibrosus and the inner nucleus pulposus
** The discs have no blood supply, they’re instead supplied by diffusion
*** Moving of the spine causes changes in compression of the discs, which creates a “pumping” effect which facilitates diffusion of nutrients
** Annulus fibrosus
*** = concentric collagen fibres
*** Protects against distraction
** Nucleus pulposus
*** Gelatinous core
*** Consists of mostly water
*** Protects against compression
** As the patient ages the water content of the discs decreases, which puts more of the compression forces on the vertebral bodies

= 20. Spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis, sacralisation, lumbarization =
== Spondylolysis ==
{{#lst:Spondylolysis|orthopaedics}}
== Spondylolisthesis ==
{{#lst:Spondylolisthesis|orthopaedics}}
== Sacralisation and lumbarisation ==
{{#lst:Sacralisation and lumbarisation|orthopaedics}}
= 29. Spondylarthritis ankylopoetica (ankylosing spondylitis) =
{{#lst:Ankylosing spondylitis|orthopaedics}}
= 36. The degenerative spine (spondylosis, low back pain) =
{{#lst:Spondylosis|orthopaedics}}
== Low back pain ==
{{#lst:Low back pain|orthopaedics}}
= 66. Discus hernia, sciatica =
== Sciatica ==
{{#lst:Sciatica|orthopaedics}}
== Spinal disc herniation ==
{{#lst:Spinal disc herniation|orthopaedics}}
== Cauda equina syndrome and conus medullaris syndrome ==
{{#lst:Cauda equina syndrome and conus medullaris syndrome|orthopaedics}}
[[Category:Orthopaedics (POTE course)]]